{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://centerforthehistoryoffamilymedicine.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/tb0xp6wf2d/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Dr. Linda McGhee"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/246/original/CenterForHistoryFamilyMedicine_2c_RGB.png?1773344256","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eThis item is protected by U.S. copyright and related rights. It is being made available by the Center for the History of Family Medicine as its rights-holder for noncommercial use, including sharing and adapting the work. No permission is required for noncommercial use so long as attribution is provided. All other uses require permission from the Center for the History of Family Medicine.  Disclaimer:  The views presented in this broadcast are the speaker’s own and do not represent those of CHFM or the AAFP Foundation. The information presented is for general, educational, or entertainment purposes and should not be considered legal, health, financial, or other advice. \u003c/p\u003e"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2021-03-23 (created)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["video"]}},{"label":{"en":["Keyword"]},"value":{"en":["Arkansas","family doctors","rural family medicine","physicians"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Arkansas Academy of Family Physicians (corporate name)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}}],"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eThis item is protected by U.S. copyright and related rights. It is being made available by the Center for the History of Family Medicine as its rights-holder for noncommercial use, including sharing and adapting the work. No permission is required for noncommercial use so long as attribution is provided. All other uses require permission from the Center for the History of Family Medicine. \u0026nbsp;Disclaimer: \u0026nbsp;The views presented in this broadcast are the speaker\u0026rsquo;s own and do not represent those of CHFM or the AAFP Foundation. The information presented is for general, educational, or entertainment purposes and should not be considered legal, health, financial, or other advice.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://centerforthehistoryoffamilymedicine.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Center for the History of Family Medicine"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://centerforthehistoryoffamilymedicine.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Center for the History of Family Medicine"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/246/original/CenterForHistoryFamilyMedicine_2c_RGB.png?1773344256","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/196/774/small/McGhee_Linda%283-23-2021%29.mp4_1689090791.jpg?1689090793","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://centerforthehistoryoffamilymedicine.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2312/collection_resources/99082/file/196774","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - McGhee__Linda_(3-23-2021).mp4"]},"duration":5106.76833,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/196/774/small/McGhee_Linda%283-23-2021%29.mp4_1689090791.jpg?1689090793","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://centerforthehistoryoffamilymedicine.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2312/collection_resources/99082/file/196774/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://centerforthehistoryoffamilymedicine.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2312/collection_resources/99082/file/196774/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-centerforthehistoryoffamilymedicine.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/196/774/original/McGhee__Linda_%283-23-2021%29.mp4?1689090772","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":5106.76833,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://centerforthehistoryoffamilymedicine.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2312/collection_resources/99082/file/196774","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://centerforthehistoryoffamilymedicine.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2312/collection_resources/99082/file/196774/transcript/45026","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Transcript of Dr. Linda McGhee interview [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://centerforthehistoryoffamilymedicine.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2312/collection_resources/99082/file/196774/transcript/45026/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Sam Taggart: Thank you for inviting me; the best place to start is at the beginning: When and where were you were born?  Who delivered you?  \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: I was born in Malvern.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Oh really?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Dr. Hodges, a family physician in Malvern.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: In what year were you born?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: I’m not telling…. (Laughing)\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Ok… (Laughing)…..I could guess….\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: But I will say this; I was conceived at West Palm Beach, Florida and due to be delivered at Long Beach, California.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Because of the service?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Because of my father in the service and basically, my mother elected to go back to her family physician; her general practice doctor that she had known all her life to have her delivery.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Right; now, were Dr. Ellis and…there was another guy….still in practice when you were growing up?  \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: I think Dr. Ellis still was; so, yeah…but Dr. Hodges was the one who delivered me.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: How long did y’all stay in Malvern?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Well, she came back to be with her family and our family lived in a little place called Butterfield, which was a little train depot on a railroad run.  Basically, there was a service station, a little country store, a Baptist Church, and a Methodist Church and that was Butterfield.  \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: It was probably named after the Butterfield Stage Line as well.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Right; right, that’s where my mother’s parents and my father’s parents lived; that’s why she went back to Malvern and I was born in Malvern instead of California.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: If you ever get a chance to Tom Dillard does an hour long talk on the Butterfield Stage Line and the part of it that went through Arkansas.  \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Oh, ok.\n\n \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: It’s really interesting and he throws in some stuff about Malvern and the ultimate development of the railroad tracks and all those kinds of things.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah….yeah; right, right.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Talk a little but about your family: where your family came from, your mom’s side of the family and your dad’s side of the family….when they were born, what their names were, what kind of work they did, those kinds of things.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Whew, that’s a hard one; father’s family was from the west.  He grew up in Colorado, Wyoming because my grandfather was a veterinarian and he worked for USDA inspecting cattle at the cattle sales.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Really?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: They traveled around and he grew up and lived in Colorado Springs and Cedar Ridge, Colorado, Great Bull, Wyoming; they lived out west.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Did you ever spend any time there when you were a kid; did y’all go back there and visit?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: No; no, no, they were back by the time when I was born in Butterfield and he was just in Arkansas for the cattle sales.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: OK, what about your mother’s family?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: My mom’s family had been there for several decades. My great grandmother homesteaded some land in Magnet Cove and so, they were longtime settlers there just as farmers and the men worked on the railroad.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Was there any relationship with your McGhee family……. \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: That’s not my name; that’s my married name….that’s an old married name.  My name is Arthur.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Oh, I’m sorry; Arthur, Ok.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: My last name is Arthur.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Ok, I didn’t know that; Arthur, I had no earthly idea about that.  Arthur sounds English….is that right?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Well, I’m not sure what it was.  You know…..I’m not sure; I’m not sure, but I doubt English; more like Scottish probably.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: So you grew up in your early life in Malvern around Butterfield?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: No; no, basically they worked in Little Rock, my parents, and we spent the weekends in Butterfield and I spent the summers in Butterfield.  So, I had the advantage of having a rural life and going to city schools.\n\n   \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Do you remember much about your early years; your preschool years?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah, I mean it was like just doing whatever you wanted to do.  We had lots of dogs and lots of pets and chickens.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Did you have brothers and sisters?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah, I have two young brothers.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: When you say young, there was a gap…..\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah, uh huh, five years was the gap for my oldest brother and then sixteen years on the youngest brother.\n\n  \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: What about cousins?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Uh huh; yeah, I have cousins.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Were they close; I mean was it a close knit family?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Uh huh; yeah, we were close.  I played with my cousins like in Butterfield; yeah.\n\n Dr. Sam Taggart: Where did you live in Little Rock?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: I lived on 27th Street about three blocks from Asher Avenue.\n\n Dr. Sam Taggart: And your father worked in the cattle or was the meat inspector……\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: No, my grandfather was a veterinarian.  My father went to law school, passed the bar and everything; but when the war broke out, of course, he went overseas and was stationed in England.  When he came back, the last thing he wanted to do was practice law after seeing that and so basically, he went to work for the railroad.  So then, we had two sides of the family working for Rock Island.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Did you have any, other than the doctor who delivered you in Malvern, early childhood memories of being exposed to the medical profession; being ill yourself, having a family member ill, or any of that kind of thing….things that would’ve directed you towards medicine?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Well, you know, there was always…..on the Arthur side, there was always every other generation or so doctors and so, that was a tradition.  My aunt, on the Arthur side, was going to medical school when I was a young girl and we lived in Little Rock and she lived in our house. I actually enjoyed the dermatology book.\n\n \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Really?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah; before I could even read, I would look at the pictures of skin and so, I was……\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: So, she was going to medical school in the ‘40s…..\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah; and living with us.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Did she graduate?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Oh yeah…\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: What was her last name?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Mary Arthur; she went into anesthesia.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Alright; did she marry and take on a different name?  The reason I’m asking is……\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: No, she kept her maiden name, which is what I should’ve done too.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: I’ve gone through all the……I’m looking for any women who could be considered pioneers in early Arkansas Medicine and obviously, she would be…..\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: She graduated in ‘52 and basically, she and Edith Irby-Jones and there was one other girl named Thompson….but, there were only three girls in that class and I can recall seeing Mary and Edith studying together and they would hang together because Edith was the first black admitted to a southern medical school.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Right…..\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Basically, it was she, Mary, and the Thompson woman who studied together.\n\n \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Was it Mary Thompson?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: No…\n\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: I remember a Thompson in there….\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: There was a Thompson, yeah; yeah.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Tell me about being in elementary school and grade school years; did you have any interests during that time?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yes, I wanted to be a geologist and collect rocks and all that…..yes, because there is a lot of interest in minerals and mining down around Magnet Cove.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Yeah; right, I bet.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: A lot of the people actually have some of those rocks in their fireplaces built in there and there was really a whole lot of interest in that.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: When did that interest start to fade or did it ever fade; have you continued that?\n\n \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Oh, it’s never faded; I ‘m still…..I would be content….you know, my aptitude test in grade school or junior high showed that I would be really well suited to be a forest ranger and I absolutely am.\n\n(Laughing) I love nature….I love nature.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Now I had a cousin who, we used to hunt together when we were kids and there was a train track close to where we hunted and he’d say, “I want to be the conductor on that train because I won’t have to talk to a whole bunch of people”……is the forest ranger the same kind of thing?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah….\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: You’d be out there in the woods….    \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Oh yeah, I’m a strong introvert….I love the woods, I love the animals, and I love nature.  So, that’s what sustained me all these years; when you work with people, you do need to be back in contact with nature….I think you know that because you bicycle around the state.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Right…..\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: So basically, the contact with nature is now God….science associated with it is biophilia and basically, it really changes us. Biophilia is a science now being used to treat people and it’s a very powerful thing; that’s why you see so many plants in the office here, we bring nature in when we can’t go outside.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Yeah…..now, do you bring pets in…….you mentioned…….\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Well, I’m working for a place called UAMS and so, there are all kinds of……. (Laughing)……\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: (Laughing)…. it might not work…\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: If I was independent, I would certainly have a dog in the house, here in the clinic to greet people; yeah.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Somebody was talking and there was a Betty Backsdale, or Barksdale, who was in Rison, Arkansas and a drug detail made the comment one time that to get into her office, you had to walk through seven dogs in the waiting room…….(Laughing)\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: It was a lot of fun though……… (Laughing)\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Junior High School and High School ….were your interests starting to change towards science; is that fair?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: No; no, not at all…..I can say the best training I got for medicine probably was in junior high and high school, because I had two years of Latin in junior high…back when they taught Latin.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: And you were in school in Little Rock?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Southwest Junior High; yeah.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: That’s interesting, because I didn’t know that they taught Latin in junior high at Southwest in Little Rock…..that’s interesting.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: They taught Latin; exactly…..they changed it.  So then in Central High, I was mainly interested in art; mostly art, history, speech, and drama…and the speech and drama have been absolutely invaluable as a doctor.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: In what way?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Because you are comfortable talking to people and for somebody who is an introvert, it is very invaluable to me.  So, I can speak to any size audience and I know that you have to change cadence and all; I can entertain if I need to and so, that training is not anything that is offered in medical school.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: No it’s not; nothing at all.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: It was invaluable and I tell my residents, “That’s the best training I got” and it was in high school; it was a great high school.\n\n \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Where were you in relationship to the lost year in……..?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: I was in junior high in the lost year….yeah; no, I wasn’t involved in that.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: That didn’t impact you at all and y’all didn’t miss a year?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: No, I didn’t miss a year; no.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: So what informed where you would go to college?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: I elected not to go to college; I didn’t see a point of spending money or time.  My art teacher got me a wonderful job, when I was in the 11th grade, working in a flower shop and so, I was a floral designer; that was my career and I loved it.  It fit in with my interests of plants and animals and of course, the lessons were invaluable…. customer service training.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Right…\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: And also management; I had gotten ahead and decided that low income was going to be rough and decided that maybe I’ll go to college.  One of my aunts on my mother’s side encouraged me to go ahead and get…”go to UALR and pick up a nursing degree; that’s the fastest way out of poverty.”  So, I started at UALR and found out that college was a whole lot easier than high school.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: What year was that?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: I don’t remember…..I mean, I could tell you; but, I don’t want to tell.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart:  That’s ok; sure.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Anyway, I went to UALR and took some classes.  I hadn’t had any math since 9th grade, so I took baby math as I wasn’t about to jump into regular math; so, I took baby math and it was wonderful…..that got me going into college.  So by the time I was say 21, 22, or something like that, the owner of the floral shop said, “Listen, I want to retire and I want you to run this thing”……I was really good at getting the other employees to work; I found out that I had a talent for inspiring people to work.  So, I had to make a decision then….”Am I going to go on to college or take over the flower shop?” as that would take a lot of time and energy.  I decided that I would go part-time with college and full time with the flower shop.\n\n   \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Where was the flower shop?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: It was in Park Plaza….Garrett Brother’s….I don’t know if you remember that one?\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: No, I don’t; I remember the old Park Plaza…..\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah; at that time, we had contracts with all three of the country clubs and were quite busy.\n\n \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Right; that’s good.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Christmas decorating and all; we were busy, but I loved it.  I still could run into a floral shop right now and go to work and I’d love it.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: So, you said that you really loved the baby math….and you started doing other courses…..\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: I loved the baby math and I loved the chemistry teacher.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: That’s really interesting.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah…after a semester or two, I said, “My God, I could never be a nurse; I just can’t do it” and just switched over to premed because that was easy….for me, that was easier than being a nurse.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: In what way?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Writing things over and over, three times; it would drive me crazy.  Their care plans; have you ever looked at their care plans they use?\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Uh huh; yeah…\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah, it’s so illogical; I couldn’t handle it….I just couldn’t.  So anyway by the time I was a junior in college, I was tutoring chemical calculations and so, I loved the math and I loved the chemistry. So, I went ahead and just applied; I was ok on the med-cat and had a great GPA, so they just took me in at 90 hours.  So, I never….I don’t have a Bachelor’s degree.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Right…..\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: So, that’s the story and I went into med school and there we are.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: It must have occurred to you somewhere along the way that you didn’t have necessarily an aptitude for all this, but you did it and it was reasonably…it doesn’t sound easy, but it was …you accommodated to it very well…..  \n\n  \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah; yeah...\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Did it occur to you that maybe you were smarter than you were giving yourself credit for?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah, I just think that, you know, getting into the right discipline….you know, it shows you what you can do; but in other words in our family, being a doctor was not special.  At one time, a few years ago, we had eight doctors in our family.\n\n   \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Really…..\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: If you count all the intermarriages…and now, I think we are down to six in my family.  So, you don’t get extra points for being a doctor.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Do you have children who are physicians?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah, I have two children and two grandchildren.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Wonderful….Let’s talk a little bit about medical school…… let’s talk about that first year; what was it like for you and what did you think about it? … \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Um, I thought it was just something to get through.  I bought a wig to keep my hair from smelling like Formaldehyde when I left the anatomy lab and so, I wore a wig in anatomy lab.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Did you develop close friends in that first couple of years in medical school? \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah, I think our class was pretty close; we lost a whole lot of people that first year who couldn’t take the cognitive dissonance that goes along with what you think medical school is and what it really is…\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Who were some of those people that you grew close to during that time and are you still close to them?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Uh…well…..no; no, the ones that dropped out….no, of course not…no time and no way to connect.  One of my lab partners at the table dropped out and of course, I still have a close connection with one of the others, Les Anderson.\n\n    \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Oh really; ok…\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah….who is still practicing like me.  He was in my class and we were on the anatomy team….yeah…and then, Merle Baker was another one.\n\n Dr. Sam Taggart: Were there any of your teachers who had an impact on you; positive or negative?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Well, you know; of course, Yama Uchi…he defiantly put the emphasis on Pearl Harbor Day for us for sure……as far as medical school, now when you get into the clinical years, then my mentors..of course my mentor; it does work for medical school, but Harold Hedges was….I was in contact with Harold Hedges from the freshman year on because our class actually organized the neighborhood clinics of Pulaski County; we got it incorporated.  We went out to areas which were under served; one place we went to was Scott and with the cooperation of the health department, we immunized the kids out there because there was a low immunization rate in Scott. So, we did that one or two nights a week; we were either giving shots or writing up and doing little urgent care type things under the supervision of Harold Hedges; he was one of them, there were several others…but, I remember Harold; he was my mentor. Of course, my other mentor was Joyce Lynn Elders, because I worked actually during college as a research tech at the lab, which was right next door to Dr. Elders; so, I knew her before medical school and then, I knew her through medical school and through residency.  I did a pediatric residency and so, she was also one of them.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Do you remember the Coopers?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Oh yeah…J.O. Cooper was one of my mentors….\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: No, no, not that Cooper; we’ll come back to J.O. Cooper in just a minute….The Coopers, the red headed guy; one was a teacher at ULAR and the other was a med student and he was a year or two ahead of me.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: No, I didn’t know them; I didn’t know them……...are you talking about Richard?\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Yeah…..yeah\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Ok; ok…..Richard, I was thinking of a faculty….oh, yeah…yeah, his daddy was a surgeon.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: I didn’t know that.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: In Little Rock, yeah; yeah, Richard was a good buddy of mine.  Richard, Herb Finley, and I were the three who were most instrumental in starting the Pulaski County neighborhood clinics.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: And I was one of the little guys who went out there with you; you’d have no reason to remember that….\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: I know because you were in a class below mine.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: But you have no reason to remember me….\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: But you remember Richard; he became a cardiologist in Chicago.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Oh yeah, yeah; really; I did not know where he ….\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: And Herb, of course, stayed in primary care like me and he’s down at Pine Bluff.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Yeah, I was going to say he ended up down at AHEC in Pine Bluff…\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah; but yeah, we had a really rich experience in medical school because of those clinics.  So, we were immersed in clinical stuff from our freshman year on, which is something that a lot of the medical students don’t get anymore; they’ve tried to resurrect that with the 12th Street Clinic down there.  But ours had a really good flavor because we had people who were out in practice coming in to help _______ with it; so, it was good.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: The AHEC program was beginning to get up and start having its little baby steps along this time and Dr. Bruce and Dr. Boast, and all of these guys were in there….Winston Shory; not Winston Shory..yeah…..\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah, Winston Shory was in there.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Do you remember much about that or was that after your time?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: The thing I…..after my residency, I jumped into…immediately the day after…the newly formed Department of Family Medicine at Little Rock.  John Tudor was there and I was with him for \n\nthree years and that was when the AHEC, sometime during that time, was getting started.  So, I didn’t have a lot of immediate contact with the AHEC until I moved up here and started working for them in 1978.  But, I was with John Tudor with starting the new department down there and that was pretty exciting.  They didn’t have room for us, of course, in the University area; so, we were housed over at St. Vincent’s.  We had excellent cooperation from Baptist and St. Vincent both.\n\n  \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: At the old nursing building…….yeah right; I was in that second year…\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: You were in that second year….\n\nDr. Sam Taggart:  I was in the second year of that.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah…yeah….\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Yeah….now, you said, “when you finished residency”…lets go back and pick that up; didn’t you do a residency in pediatrics?\n\n\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah, I did a residency in pediatrics.  I had to stay in Little Rock; I had a baby, a toddler, and I needed help from family there.  \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Let’s go back and talk about what informed your decision to go into pediatrics.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Oh, because there was not anything for a generalist…except for internal medicine and pediatrics in Little Rock.  There were only four family practice residencies in the whole country at that time.\n\n \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Yeah….\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: And so, I sure wasn’t leaving and I actually liked some of the internal medicine residency, but I couldn’t leave to go somewhere else….so, I chose pediatrics and my mentor was Jocelyn Elders.\n\n   \n\n Dr. Sam Taggart: Yeah, you said that…..\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: And that’s why I had to choose between internal medicine and pediatrics; so, I chose pediatrics.  I knew I was a generalist; there was no doubt about that.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: At that point, were you doing most of your training at the Med Center or at Children’s?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Doing it at both; Children’s was…what they had was, we had about 30 or so inpatients general and then, we had a burn ward over there that the surgeons in private practice admitted the patients and then, we took care of them.  It was a disaster, because we didn’t have enough residents; we only had four residents a year at that time….do you believe it?\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Who were your other resident-mates at that point?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Well, Fay Bozeman was one of them; yeah….Ken Payne and then the last one…I forgot his last name.  We went from four to two at the end of the first year…Fay Bozeman’s knees gave out; he just said, “Fellow’s, I’m sorry; I just can’t do it physically” because he had already injured his knees in football and  the other one said, “I just can’t do it” and he went into anesthesia. Fay went into Ophthalmology.\n\n  \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: What were your hours like during that time? \n\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: 36/12….something like that….every other night, you’d go home and get a nap.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Yeah….got a nap; that’s right.Now you mentioned Ken Payne; Kathy and Ken Payne…..yeah, she was an internist and he was a pediatrician; is that correct?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: No, they were both pediatricians…yeah, she went into pediatrics too.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Oh, they were both pediatricians….what happened to them….where did they go?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: I don’t know where Ken is.  Kathy went to Washington, stayed, and was out there for a while.  She was in Alaska for a little while and I don’t know where she retired, but her brother is here in town and so, I hear about her periodically.\n\n  \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Did you have much contact with Roger Boast?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah, uh huh; he was precepting our community clinics.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: What was your response to him; what did you think of him?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Well, he was another…well, you could say that he was a mentor of a sort; I didn’t have as much contact with him as I did the others.  He was an inspiration as far as his promoting patient advocacy….so, he was; yeah…\n\n \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: What about Alice Beard?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah, I used to work side-by-side with her.  Yeah, Alice Beard helped me with that….with Sue Chambers’ baby.  I would take 12-hours with the baby and she would take the other 12; so, we basically specialed that baby.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Where were she and Owen from?  Where did they practice before they came back to the Med Center; do you know?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: I don’t know; I have no idea.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Because, he was at the Veteran’s and they had both been in practice somewhere.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: I don’t know; it wasn’t Arkansas…I don’t know….I don’t think so.  But yeah, one of the things I did was sort of inspire, I guess; I won’t say, “pushed,” but I inspired Alice Beard to start a follow up clinic for those pre-termed babies….so, we could keep our eyes on them and help with them.  You hate to just turn lose a pre-termed baby and you never see it again; you know, you got it through the worst of it and so, we started some specialty clinics.  Another clinic that I started down there was…when I was actually working for the family medicine department, I started a clinic at children’s Hospital for failure to thrive kids and they donated a social worker, a nurse practitioner, staffing…it was great.  We kept that going; my partner, Peter Crueitt, later moved to St. Louis and so, I was the only person there and so when I took the job here, l had in my contract here that I would return to run that clinic every other Friday…so, we didn’t lose that clinic and Betty Lowe agreed to have it on the alternate Fridays than me. It finally became the Department of Behavior Health or something….Department of Development, I think is what they call it down there and I think they have…. well, I don’t know how many faculty.  Basically, we started that; I was a person who started things and so…..and that’s how I got my promotion to Associate Professor; by starting things.  The other thing; I was the first person in the UAMS system to ever teach CPR……if you can believe that?   (Laughing)…..  \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: I do believe it.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: From the American Heart Association version…..you know and because I was in the department of family medicine, I was taking the role of the director of the emergency room as they had never had an emergency room director.  We didn’t have emergency room residencies then and they needed somebody with experience and I had experience because, believe it or not, they were so short of physicians then that I actually was paid money to work in the emergency room as a junior student.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Huh, as a junior student; ok……\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah and so, I have been a moonlighter for ……. (laughing)…..\n\n \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: So of all the moonlighting that you did early on, which did you enjoy the most?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Well, I liked the ER; I mean, I probably would’ve done an ER residency if they had them back then…like I say, “anything general.”   I’m a generalist, a natural born generalist, and I’m not going to be boxed into doing the same thing over and over all day long….that’s why we are generalists…because of the variety, the interests, and the ability to do more things…...\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: You jointed John Tudor…\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Uh huh…\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: There were two other women who were there at times during that period of time, two other female doctors; one was Dr. Mildred Ward….\n\n \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah, I remember her.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: She came from Texas with Andy Garcia; no, he was a physician assistant.  He came with her from wherever it was in Southwest Texas that she came.  What do you remember about Mildred?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Oh, she was great. You know, she was old school GP all the way.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: She worked out in the country; St. Angelo or something like that….\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah; some where rural.\n\n \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Yeah in Texas, somewhere really, really……..\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: She was really good, really good.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Right….there was also a physician by the name of Martha Fields and another physician by the name of Newman from Marianna who when you ultimately got involved in the board, her name was showing up in the board minutes as well when you were there…you may know her by another name.  There was another lady a little bit later named Betty McCord….  \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: None of those people were on faculty in family medicine….\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: I’m just talking as these are names that have come up as I have been reading and it’s the same meetings that you were at; their names were brought up.  Does Verona…..Betty Verona maybe….no I’m sorry, Verona Brown ring a bell?  She is in family practice in Batesville and she came along in about the 1990s.  \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: No, no, no; those are all people who came after I left Little Rock probably.\n\n    \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Yeah…yeah….yeah…..so, you get through with your residency and start teaching in the family practice residency with John Tudor; reading between the lines and seeing things that I actually signed my name to, because I don’t remember this, there was some controversial stuff about John….  \n\n Dr. Linda McGhee: Uh huh…\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: About John not staying at the program; do you remember anything about that because the program changed directors 3, 4, or 5 times in about a year-to-a-year- and-a-half period….\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Here is the sad thing; John was really, really, into family medicine, academic family medicine, and he felt like he needed to go on and get a Masters in education from Michigan State and he sought the permission to take a sabbatical year to go get the Masters and he was undermined.  I don’t know exactly at what level, but he was undermined; because when he came back, they had already filled the position.\n\n  \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Ok.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: By the chairman of the department.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: That doesn’t make sense.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah, he was undermined and I’m not going to point fingers because I don’t really know...\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Because you don’t…..I don’t know either and I remember writing…..I remember signing, well I don’t remember singing this, but I know my signature and I’ve seen it…I actually seen it giving him our support. \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yes.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: All the residents signed the letter; this was the second year of the program.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Oh yeah; they wanted him back.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: We wanted him back, right….\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: It was out of our hands and it was….I don’t know what the politics were or what, but Ben Salzmann then was appointed Chairman….\n\n   \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Right…\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Of course, Ben was a great guy and a great politician.  You know, he was good with PR and….but as far as getting into the grand hard stuff, he was not…..an educator; he was not an educator.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: No and I’ve heard the exact same comment from several different people; saying that Ben was a face, a political face.  He was a political motivator and that’s why he was at the health department ….\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: He was well loved by his patients and I’m sure he was a great doctor in Mountain Home and everything, but it was not…..it was unsettling, a little unsettling.\n\n    \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Yeah, sure……what do you remember about some of the other guys who were kind of pillars in the medical education at that time? ….Joe Bates, Tom Bruce, Roger Boast who we already mentioned…..George Ackerman…..Robert Abernathy…..what do you remember about those guys?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Uh huh, Uh huh, Uh huh…oh yeah, oh yeah….oh my God, Abernathy and Ackerman were just rocks; they were so helpful.  I’d call either one of them when I was a pediatric resident for information; they were all so assessable to everybody and when we started the family medicine program.  One thing that…the most fun we had was when we were in the old Baptist Hospital….. the floors were marble and the window sills were marble….\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: I remember that.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: It was fantastic; don’t you remember that?\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Oh absolutely; I remember that very well.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: You could smell the wonderful yeast rolls coming, wafting, up from the cafeteria; you know; I just loved…...\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: What about some of the doctors who were there; Dr. Winger, Dr. Chairs….\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah; oh yeah, all those people helped us.  All of those people jumped in; all the community doctors came in and helped as they did part time attending, but I can remember George Ackerman would actually come over and help us with our ward. It was a wonderful set up because we had the clinic on one floor and then you just go upstairs and you’re in the ward, a 40-bed ward.  So, you could easily do in-patient/out-patient.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: You’re talking about Baptist?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah, it was wonderful.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Oh, I remember that; it was on the south end of the building.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah, it was wonderful and so, Ackerman would come over and round.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: A cute story; I was rounding with Carl Winger at one point and we went in there….you know Carl Winger never raised his voice, screamed, or hollered…..a lady’s foley catheter was up over the bedrail and he turned to the nurse and said, “Do you really expect that lady to pee uphill?”   (Laughing)…..\n\n(Laughing)…\n\nI thought that was….and that was the harshest thing I ever heard that man say….. \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah, yeah, yeah….\n\n \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: At some point, you started thinking about going into the AHEC program…talk about that a little bit….so far you’ve been talking about wanting to stay in Little Rock and now, you’re going to Fayetteville…….. \n\n  \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Ok well, we did a whole lot of good things, and fun things, in the early days of building the department….we had a lot of fun and so, I wasn’t unhappy with what was going on down there at all; even though, we were going through department chairs.  We had another one after Salzmann before it finally stabilized with Ken Goss.\n\n Dr. Sam Taggart: Ken Goss; I really liked Ken Goss.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah, it stabilized with Ken Goss; so there was some fun and games and interesting stuff there.  Basically, at that point, I was married to someone who wanted to get a Masters degree up here at Fayetteville and so, that was the reason.  Because the AHEC program had started, I actually had a place to I could go and work where I was actually needed and could do things that I was good at.\n\n \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: And little did you know that you would be right between two men….. (laughing)…. \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Well, men…..I love men, you don’t understand…. (Laughing)…. \n\n Dr. Sam Taggart: Oh, I understand…….I understand……..so, who all was here when you came?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Ok; so, they built this AHEC out of a doctor’s practice that had been started in the ‘50s, a doctor who actually was the one who married Masterson Johnson; it is a very interesting story.  The first person who joined his practice was named Jim Patrick; Patrick was from Camden and so, he was an Arkansas guy.  He had been in the military and came and settled here with that doctor and they added several more ……so when the AHEC came along, there were six of them in the building; three of them opted to not join the AHEC, two of them did, and one stayed there as he had these set of rooms, but he wasn’t with AHEC; he didn’t teach residents.  So, we had Patrick and then Lee Parker; Lee Parker had been a friend of Don Baker, the one that stayed there in Med school and Don said, “Why don’t you leave McGhee” which is where he was working “and come up here?” So, Parker came up and joined Baker.  So when the proposal was put out there by Winston Shory or Tom Bruce, or both of them, those two guys opted to join the AHEC; “We’ll, be AHECs…one of us will be an administrator and one of us will be the program director.”  The program director was Jim Patrick and the administrator for AHEC was then Parker; anyway, I came up and looked around at jobs…I looked at student health, private practice, at the VA, and looked at AHEC.  So, I asked and said, “You know what, I’m pretty comfortable with medical education and residents and all that; what I want to see is what your patient base looks like and so, I want to come up here and work for three days.” So, I came up here and I worked….just was put in rotation to see the work-ins and so, I saw about 25 a day, or something like that.  It was easy; all paper chart and easy. So, I asked Jim Patrick on my third day, I said, “Listen, what I’m curious about is…I’ve been pretty busy and I was just here as a part-time person; what happens to these 20 people when I’m not here?” and he said, “Oh, my nurse just calls in their prescription and takes care of them.” So, what I could see was that there was plenty of material and plenty of a patient base to start a residency and that convinced me.  Man, we have plenty of patients here; it was the busiest practice in town.\n\n     \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Now, do you mind…..I know you didn’t want to say earlier…about what year that was?\n\n(Laughing)…..\n\nI know you’re hesitant to say years…… \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: I know, I know, I know; it was 1978.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: 1978; ok.  \n\n\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: January of ’78 and so, they had trouble…they had started it and the first guy who came, came in ’76, I guess, and they had put….what they had to do was take people as second years after an internship somewhere else while they were trying to get it all worked out and so, there were lots of them who just quit after one year; there was only one that lasted during that thing and his name was John Huskston.  He still practices in Rogers and so, that was the first one and I never had any contact with him because he graduated in July and I came in January.  But since then, I’ve had contact with all the graduates from this program and so, we got a class….we started out with four a year and then we moved on up and we have 10 here.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Do you remember Jim Cooper?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah….yeah...\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Jim was my first; when I started my practice….after he finished his residency, he came home to Benton and so, he joined me in ’83.  So, he’d been here around 1980; pretty soon after you arrived.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Ok yeah; yeah, I remember him for sure.  But anyway…that’s the reason I came up here and how I got here.  I found that I really enjoy the AHECs; oh golly, it was so much….I don’t know….it’s more like a real practice in a real community….\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Than the family practice center in Little Rock…?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah, because you were just joining a bigger pool of people and you weren’t as close to the community as you are in an AHEC…..now, they’re called “Regional Programs.”\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: How much of your time during those earlier years was spent practicing and actually seeing patients and then, how much of your time was spent teaching?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Early years…well when I first came up here, I had a handwritten job description by Jim Patrick and one hand written by Lee Parker and they didn’t match up at all; so, the first thing I did was say, “Look my first week, I want to meet with you guys and each of you look at your other’s job description; this is one person and you’ve got a two person job here.  I am one person and so, we’re going to have to compromise.”  It turned out that those two gentlemen didn’t really like each other and didn’t talk together.” \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Right….\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: So from the first week, I knew what my role was; it was to be the communicator between those two and it was that way until Jim retired.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Right; well, I will tell you that you did that job very well.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Oh, I did.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: The only reason that I knew you did that job very well was because…..by the time Lee Parker was in his late 80s, he thought they were best friends…. (Laughing)...I’m serious he did….\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: (Laughing)…“They were not….they were not…..they were not and I was the communicator because they had totally different personalities and saw things in different ways. But I would say to begin with; with just those few residents, I would say that I was probably…… well, all of us went to the hospital every day then.  We did both at the same time, just like a practice used to be, and so we went to the hospital everyday and came back and I’d say I was doing patient care for 3-4 days a week in addition to teaching.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: In the Reagan years, the 1980s, we really saw a lot of change in financing of health care and the financing of health education; did you see any big impact then on what you did or were able to do with your residents or with the program itself? \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: No, I remember we did a Hertz Grant; I wrote a Hertz Grant that got accepted, but not funded.  Always in Arkansas, we have operated on a shoestring; but with our patient volume here coming out of that well developed practice where were started that residency, we never had a money problem. So, we have never had a money problem here.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: So, you were self supporting.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Self supporting for sure; now, it has gotten to be a problem lately with all the urgent care centers and all the…you know, there is no shortage of doctors, as you know, especially in Northwest Arkansas. So, we have lost patients actually in these last five years.  Before that, we were rolling in the need to see patients and generating enough money that we would actually help the other AHECs.\n\n    \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Backing up a little bit; the integration of medical services, starting back as early as when you and I were in medical school, and then the integration of the medical staffs of the hospitals of Baptist and St. Vincent’s……do you remember much about that?   The reason I’m asking is Amail Chudy remembers, of course Amail is 96 now, but he remembers that he and a couple of other men were involved in the integration of the medical staffs, which is a little bit before your time, and he identifies four physicians: Oba White, Worthy Springer, Morris Jackson, and I really don’t know the name of the other fellow.  I can clearly remember Morris Jackson being on the staff at Baptist Hospital in the late ‘60s and early ‘70s.  Do you remember anything about the integration of the medical system from a healthcare provider’s standpoint?    \n\n    \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Um, no; I was pretty much….I had to race between Baptist and St. Vincent; my role because I had the skill with these premature babies was that I had to race between Baptist and St. Vincent’s to get these kids intubated, ventilated, and then, ride the ambulance back to University Hospital with them; that kind of thing…. so, I was not per say teaching in those hospitals at that time of service and so, I didn’t have that much contact with anybody outside of  just the nurseries at that point when I was down there.  Most of my hospital time was honestly with our service over at the old Baptist and then, also in the ER; I was 50% in the ER.  So, I was pretty well all over town driving, but I didn’t do much service, adult service, over at those two hospitals.\n\n  \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: What about your experience over at Children’s and the University, going back just a little before that?  I think there was one African-American in my class and we graduated in ’73; do you remember much about that?  There had not been a great number of African- Americans, but there had been a few.\n\n \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Right, right; in medical school, well we didn’t.  Our class took on tutoring anybody that was having trouble and so, I do remember tutoring one of the ones from Helena.  There was a gal in our medical school class that just quit; she just got scared and quit and we couldn’t get her back.  So, we graduated without any African-Americans, but our class tried to help the ones in the class right below us and I can’t remember your class……you were two years below me?...I think you were two years below me.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Sterling Williams; was his name Sterling Williams?  Sterling something…he became a nephrologists and apparently a pretty big deal nephrologists somewhere else besides Arkansas.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Sterling…yeah, yeah, yeah….\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: So one way or the other, it wasn’t a big deal; there were a few, but it didn’t have a lot of impact…\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: No, no; it didn’t have nearly enough….not nearly enough.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Now the residency program; obviously since 1978, you have been up here as one of the pillars…….\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yep….yep\n\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: I think that is fair….one of the pillars up here; how has the program up here changed? \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Well, it was smaller and more intimate.  The community was a more intimate, the medical community; we enjoyed going to breakfast together on Saturday mornings at the hospital and having somebody present something new…the medical staff.  It was like we were totally intergraded with this medical staff at Washington Regional Hospital and it was really good with a lot of closeness; it was, of course, a lot more fun back then because everybody knew everybody.  You know, when you get bigger, you get people who you don’t have that connectivity.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: I realize that you; you talked about identifying yourself …not as a woman, but as a physician …ok, I understand that, but were there other woman on staff here at that time?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah, yeah…no, no, no; let me think about this…there was a gal that was doing some GYN and part time practice and that was the only other woman.  So, it presented a problem actually because all the sudden our practice was overrun with women wanting to see a woman doctor and I just couldn’t do all that and keep going to the hospital, taking care of residents, and this kind of thing and so, we actually had to close my practice pretty quickly.  The other thing was pediatrics; we actually got a complaint from the pediatric clinic. “Why are my patients going over there to see”…anyway, we had to close my practice because of being the only woman. So, I don’t know…I don’t think about that ever, but….\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: I know; but despite of what most people thing about, it wasn’t a negative for you.  You were just attracting a lot of patients.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Right…Right….because there was a shortage, I guess, of women in practice.  Now they say during WWII, there were several women doctors up here just holding the fort down and doing everything; delivering babied and doing everything.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Ruth Ellis has written some good stuff about that; I think her last name was Leash….\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah, Ruth Ellis…yeah….\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: She’s written some really good stuff about that…..I find that subject very interesting and….partly, because my wife is an ophthalmologist who is now retired……\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Oh, ok; ok…\n\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: So, she was encouraged……originally, she was discouraged from going to medical school and ended up going to pharmacy school….then after we got married, she went to medical school.   \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Isn’t that interesting…\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Yeah, it is; I thought it was very interesting… \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: We have a family who does ophthalmology up here; the Henrys.  Actually Morris Henry, the oldest one, you probably know Morris…\n\n  \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Yeah, yeah…I knew Morris….\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: His mother was an ophthalmologist and so basically, they’ve had woman doctors in this community for a long time; it’s just in the year when I came, there was only one doing GYN.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Again you may have already said this, but I don’t remember; was there much of an African-American impact of healthcare providers up here at that point?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: No; no, very short of African- Americans in this community…we were very short.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Nurse Practitioners and physician’s assistants started having an impact with J.O. Cooper; we kind of need to go back and talk about him a little bit…. \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: He was the first person to train nurse practitioners…\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Yeah in Arkansas….yeah and they started having an impact and have had an increasing impact, especially with corporatization of medicine and especially with the community health centers and those kinds of things over the last few years….what’s been your experience with both nurse practitioners and physician assistants?  \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Well, we were trained back then…when I was in a pediatric resident with J.O. Cooper…by doctors and they are not anymore, I mean, that came and went.  It was another experience…\n\n\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: There was another fellow who was also instrumental in that in addition to Dr. Cooper; do you remember who that was?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: No, no; J.O. Cooper was the only one I remember and we only had six of the nurse practitioners.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: I don’t either.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: And they were all experienced nurses and not new grads and so, you know, they all were great.  But, I don’t know; the training, I don’t know anything about it because it all occurs within the nurse practitioner discipline and so, I don’t know anything about it.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: I remember those first certain nurse practitioners and they were involved to some extent in the East End Clinic; all involved in that process……I remember J.O. Cooper because he had hands this long…..and a big bald head.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah…yeah… and the main thing he taught us was, “Grab that stool and slide in on the stool when you’re tall so you won’t scare the kids”….I remember that about him…but the East End Clinic incidentally was one that got started by one on our Neighborhood Pulaski County Clinics…\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Yeah I remember….I thought you did…  \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: We started that thing and it picked up; finally got a Hertzal grant and it sustained; so, it’s one of the things that has sustained from our class.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: About the time that you left Little Rock, they hired a fill-time physician out there; it wasn’t Smallwood, but it was something like it…but, I remember that he was out there for several years.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Right; I can’t remember his name, but I can see his body….he was real skinny; a skinny guy.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Yeah, I can too….I just can’t remember who he was….\n\nOk; now in about 1990, your name starts to show up in the Arkansas Academy of Family Physicians and this was about the time that Sam Brown was head of it.   No, I take that back; you were a little earlier in ’87……\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Uh huh….uh huh; yeah, ‘80s...\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: At that point in time, you were appointed to the Minority Committee, the committee on minorities, and you reported to the board on that.  Do you remember much about that and was that related primarily to females or related to African-Americans or…..?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: I think I was on the medical; I’ve been on several boards and I’ve been on the minority health commission for several years, but it was later than that I believe.  I was on the state medical board in the early ‘90s and I also served some time on the Arkansas Board of Health.\n\n     \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: In 1990; I’m not trying to tell you what to say, but I took some notes while I was…I go to the archives before I do these interviews just so I‘ll have some things…… \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Anyway yeah, I served on those two boards; the health department board and the Arkansas State Medical Board.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Do you feel like they accomplished much and if yes, in what way?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yes; well what I’m proudest of on the medical board honestly…..I’ll tell the story….a doctor, who had come to work off his debt practicing in a high hippa score area in northeast Arkansas, was delivering babies over there; doing maternity care up in Mississippi County…..and because he was doing several ultrasounds on some of these women, he got reported to the medical board by the Medicaid office, of all things, for doing excessive care.  So, he had to come before the medical board to explain why he would do more than one ultrasound on a pregnant woman; my work I did on the medical board that I was proud of was that I was the only generalist there on that board at that time and I was the only person who was in academic medicine and I knew that standard of care.  So many times, it was up to me to have the answers on whether the person who was falling out of line, between the yellow line and the white line, of medical practice.  This man was doing excellent care for those women who were high risk and yes, he needed that second ultrasound; we gave him a “Congratulations, you’re doing a good job and don’t let these people get you down.  We are sending them a letter of “How dare they...”\n\n     \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Yeah; well, good that’s wonderful…..\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: So, I think that that was the kind of thing you could do when you are on some of these boards; to actually advocate for doctors.  I am a strong physician advocate; I’m a patient advocate for sure, strong, but I’m also a strong physician advocate and the things that physicians get accused of are often just totally misunderstood…..a misunderstanding.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: How long were you on the state medical board?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Five or six years; something like that.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Were there other instances where you were really proud that you were there? \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yes; yeah, there were times that some of the people because of their extreme sub-specialty or whatever would not understand some of the things that a generalist doctor might do and so, I do think that rural physicians are more at risk with the medical board and license issues because they are having to do more.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Yeah….\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: So yeah, I was glad to be able to serve and felt like I did contribute.\n\n \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Sometime during that first 6-7 years that you were on the board, you were part of the public health committee; do you remember much about that or what you guys did on that committee?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Uh huh, well we went; we’d go….do you remember the thing that the medial society had to try to get people to take indigent patients?  I can’t remember the name of what it was called…but anyway, it was a project that the medical society had that I was able to work with and help with that.  I always loved public health; I’ve always been a contractor, an independent contractor that first started with well baby checks at the health department, but I’ve been a contractor for years with the health department and love it.  Right now, I’m a medical director of the Hansen’s disease.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: With the Marshallese……. \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: With the Marshallese; yeah, we have one of the eight satellite clinics in the country in Springdale, Arkansas.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Well, let’s talk about the Marshallese; you’ve been up here for the full time that they’ve been here, basically.  So talk about that a little bit: the support you have got or have not got, what you think about the programs for tuberculosis, leprosy, and those kinds of things….. \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah, yeah, oh yeah….I think the health department has just been there the whole way.  I’m a strong health department supporter.\n\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Yeah, me too….\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: I really am and they are not afraid to try initiatives and they are not afraid to latch out and try to get some of that money. Honestly, the TB money has helped us the most, I think, with the Marshallese community because that TB money has allowed the health department to have Marshallese outreach community health workers and that’s the secret of getting everything done.\n\n  \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Right; what are the living arrangements among the Marshallese? Are they confined into small spaces with a whole lot of people or are they able to spread out; that kind of thing and what impact has that had on infections and then possibly, we might get around to COVID in a few minutes…..has it had an impact on COVID?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah; well for sure crowded, but the Marshallese, you know, come from small islands and are very much used to sharing space and you know, they come here so they can work.  There is poverty and so….they are the most welcoming people in the world and if relatives come along, they just welcome them into the family and somebody goes to work.  Most of the jobs are in the poultry processing plant; so naturally, you’re going to have some increased TB because just the air circulation and the crowded number of people in the rooms.  Basically, the TB program has been just fantastic; they’ll go to an apartment complex and test everybody in the apartment complex and so, they’ve done a lot of outreach and treated a lot of TB.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: You know, this is not a smirk on my face; this is a smile, because we all…….that part goes back to our good friend, Joe Bates.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Joe Bates, J.O. Cooper, Harold Hedges, Jocelyn Elders; my mentors….and Joe is so supportive. I want to tell a story about Joe that just shows this…...\n\n    \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Absolutely…….\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: We realized that Marshallese people live in Springdale and it’s a pretty confluent area, but getting down to Fayetteville to our health department building was a problem; so, the decision was made to try to rent some space up there in Springdale.  There was an old Mills Jones Truck Line terminal building, they rented non-profit and the space was secured and funding was found for it by the health department, and so, they got that little space. I was involved in looking over the plans for the building, our little satellite clinic, and noticed that there was no restroom for the employees; there was one restroom in this little bitty place.  I said, “Look, we have public health nurses working in there and we’re going….they need their own restroom… because you’re going to have a problem if you don’t put in a restroom in there” and they said, “we’ll can’t do it”……well, Joe Bates made it happen……(Laughing)……..I just had to make a phone call.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Yeah, that’s all you had to do….\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Because that regional person was just not understanding….another time; one of our, Sandy Hayline has been a public health nurse who has supported the Marshallese the whole time since the first one got here and headed up these outreach teams, she retired two years ago; but anyway at some point, about 10 years ago, another public health nurse was just attacking her viciously and I can’t remember what the issue was….getting a chest film done at a hospital or something …but anyway, the supervisor at that time decided that Sandy needed to go.  Sandy was getting threatened, written up, and everything and so, I just called Dr. Bates and he said, “Oh no” and he called them off.  He’s been a real supporter, like an in the trenches supporter not just a lip services supporter.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: I have always suggested that Roger Boast, Tom Bruce, Joe Bates, and George Ackerman all operate with a moral authority of a mother.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah….\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: That’s who they are….and political people don’t argue with them... \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: No…\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: They don’t…..\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: They are morally impenetrable.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: That’s right, because there is no self-advantage to them; none.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: No; no self-advantage at all.  But, we wouldn’t have these services up here or these Marshallese wouldn’t be able to have their own….they are very comfortable in that health department clinic; they come in and ask questions about what to do, they come in with rashes, they come in….it’s their go to place; it’s their clinic.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Right, right…in 1992, you purposed a computer based patient record institute; do you remember that?  You were simply getting off into computer based records.  Sam Brown was also involved in it before he died and I got the impression that you may have picked up the caudal after he did; do you remember anything about that?  You may have just purposed it and somebody else….. \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: I may have just second somebody…..I don’t know.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: That may have been it….another health care issue that was a big problem starting the in the late ‘80s and on into the ‘90s was AIDS and I think you have been involved with that subject since….\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah, August of 1983….\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Talk about that some and how you got involved in that and how you got involved…..\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Sure, a very vivid memory; basically one of my residents…I ran the clinic down on Spring Street, we were downtown then and it was great; a little clinic….I was attending and he calls me and says, “Oh God, I’ve got a sick one; come see this one” and it was a guy over 6ft tall and weighed about 100 lbs with 104 fever.  I said, “Well, it’s finally come to town” because we’ve been reading about it since ’81….I said, “Well, we’ve finally got a case” and we stuck him in the hospital.  His opportunist infection was actually just TB and we were actually able to treat him and he lived for two years. But anyway, that was my first patient; that was my index patient and it had come to town.  With that patient, I got on the phone and started talking to doctors in New York and San Francisco; basically, I feel like I was trained by the doctors in San Francisco General Hospital because every time I called them, they had an answer. There was nobody in Arkansas that was really interested in it, learning about it, or doing anything and so, I feel like the doctors out there trained me and I really preferred that model; that model was outpatient care.  So, I’d been doing it for several years and, of course, after you get that first patient, everybody sends you the second one and yeah…  Anyway, our hospital administrator at Regional at that time had gone to a national meeting and he came back; this was about 1990 I guess, and he came back and called me up and said, “Why don’t we have all these people in the hospital dying of AIDS?” These people are seeing these bankrupting hospitals and we don’t have that around here.” I said, “Well, it’s because I’m using the San Francisco model, which is home care, since we didn’t have much to save them in the hospital.  We’re just trying to do everything at home, putting the lines in, giving them appitiers at home, and everything; using home health.  So, I’m doing the San Francisco model” and he said, “Well, I’m going to put some money into that.” \n\n   \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: And this was when?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: About 1990; he said, “This is working; this is fantastic.” So basically, he got a hold of the county judge and he called together a committee of people, we’ve had several of these kinds of things to work on health problems here in this county, we’re really good at working at specific health problems…..so, he pulled everybody together from all the hospitals, the University student center and everybody, the health department and everybody, asking ,”What can we do?” and we decided that we needed a clinic, a free standing clinic just for HIV.  Basically our old building down there on Wolzy Street, you can see it from here almost, was the old health department building, a cement block building and real old, but they had a storage garage underneath that had the capacity to be a  clinic if it was cleaned out. So, I called up my old mentor because she was the health department director then, Dr. Elder, and let her know what we were going to do and she said, “Well, I’ll go find some building fund and we can renovate that place and we’ll put you into that building” and so, basically that’s how it got to be part of the health department; this HIV clinic is a health department project. So, I got that and a Levi Straus guy came by and he saw that there were holes in the floor for our commode on the renovation and he said, “Well, I’m going to put money into this because I can see that its really happening” because we had a Levi plant here and so, Levi Straus put some money in.  The Mercy Hospital put some money in. Northwest Hospital put some money in, Regional, and Washington County Government; it’s going to this day. We’ve had grants come and go; we had part of Ms. Jones Foundation for a while, but then that went away and the Levi went away.  So basically now, we are still funded by Washington County, Benton County, and Washington Regional; I have a staff of three and myself and we still have that going.  We are going into our 29th year.\n\n    \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: I’m not a big fan of Governor Huckabee or wasn’t a big fan of his because of his stance on a lot of different issues, but that was one issue; it seems from on the surface, he gets some credit for it.  He went beyond; he said, “this is how I feel, but we are going to put some money into this.”  Do you remember that? He didn’t oppose it.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: The state money, the only state money, was Dr. Elders’ building fund.  No, Governor Huckabee didn’t; I don’t remember anything about that.  This is county government money, which is just an unprecedented thing for them to support a clinic for which I’m so pleased, and so, we take patients from Benton, Washington, and we go ahead and see Madison County residents free because they have very low incidents and they don’t have a big tax base over there and so, we see them.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Dan Morris, I believe that was his last name, works for ARcare; he heads up the age program…\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Danny Moore….\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Danny Moore, I’m sorry, do y’all have any relationship?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: No; no, ARcare is the subcontractor for Ryan White Care Act; do you understand what that is?\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Yeah, yeah….\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: So, they sign people up for those Ryan White Care Act and so, the way we work with them is….if somebody calls in and they are a new patient, we have them see them up to get on their program, and once they are on their program, we see them.\n\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Y’all administer the care.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah, we administer the care; but as far as them having to do anything with care, no. \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Early on in the AIDS epidemic, the first 10 years or so, there was thought that there were a number of people who developed AIDS who left home (went up north, went out west, went out east)…they developed AIDS and had no support system and came back and lived with their grandparents out in the country…is that true, number one, and is that still true? \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Uh huh, yeah; yeah, what’s happening now is people are coming to Northwest Arkansas for employment and so, we have a lot of …we have a lot more in-immigration cases, new cases, than we do cases that are…\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Who already have it when they get here...\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah, there’s a lot more that come in that have it than the ones that caught it here right now; I guess is what you’d say…\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: In about 1995, you were the president of the Arkansas Academy of Family physicians for a year; what were some of the issues that you faced during that period of time in terms of the academy?  Do you remember?  \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: In terms of the academy, I can’t remember any big issues; we always had the problems of competition and the lack of access to certain things that the other doctors all have, the regular legislative stuff….the regular things that come up every year before the legislature; that’s the things that I remember the most about it and I did not have a legislative year.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: You did not….\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Because it was a one year term then and so, I did not have a legislative year and it was an easy year for me.  I can just remember how much participation that we had with people coming from all over the state; it was a big thing and once a year, people got to come and just relax, meet everybody, catch up, and have a good time….that’s what I remember from those years.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Each time frame….the history of the academy, I’m breaking down….75 years to about 25 years and each 25 year period is dominated, or appears to be dominated, by about 4-5 people…..4-5 people who get in there and do a lot of the work: Les Anderson obviously was a big deal at that time, Shot Rogers was a big deal at that time, Dr. Honeycutt……was Dr. Honeycutt still there?  \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah….that’s true…..yeah, oh yeah, Shot…yeah, Honeycutt was still there….\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Honeycutt was still there, Bruce was still there, Harold Hedges was still there…were there any others…..?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Right, right….Chudy…..\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Yeah, Amail Chudy…..Amail Chudy was there from 1954…. (Laughing)…..\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah, a whole lot more than five years…\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: He was the institutional member.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah, he was.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Well, you are too; you are a large part of that institution memory.  \n\nOne of the things that did not have a big impact in my practice because what I chose…the way I chose to do family practice; I did not do OB and I didn’t do a lot of surgery….but there was a significant contraction of OB services and surgical services in family practice from 1971 or ’72 till the present……has that had an impact on your residents here at the AHEC program?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah….right…..right….I’ll tell you what, it’s a national impact too, a huge impact.  Up here, yeah….Fayetteville; there’s nobody in Fayetteville that goes to the hospital that’s in family practice anymore and they don’t even get privileges for OB anymore unless somebody is doing a fellowship. Our residents get trained by obstetricians now because nobody; we don’t have the capacity to do it. In both hospitals, no family physician can go work in the hospital in northwest Arkansas; it’s sad. So, we are the only practice in town where a patient can see the same group in the hospital as they see as outpatient.  I don’t think that that is unusual; I think Little Rock has gone mostly the same way. I know for a while Shot’s group used to try to do the hospital practice and have a hospitalist among them and I don’t know that they are still doing it.\n\n \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: I don’t think so….\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: And I don’t think Harold practices there either…\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: I don’t think so….\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: It’s just changed dramatically and then the Peds is all getting concentrated into pediatric Children’s hospitals all over the country, not just Arkansas and so, it’s changed quite a bit.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: You have now been in practice at least as long as I have…for a fact.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah….\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Have you given any thought to retirement?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Oh yeah, everybody thinks of retirement; but honestly, I’m not at the level of needing to retire. The genetics is pretty good in my family and I’m just; there are no medical issues to keep me from practicing.  You know, I’m nearsighted and I have a little Scheuermann’s disease, the congenital pal pulses, and I’ve got asthma; that’s it.\n\n  \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: What are your most proud moments or accomplishments in the practice of medicine to this point?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Well, I think being able to help out with that HIV epidemic and being able to train other people around the state with HIV; I think that has probably been the thing that I’m proudest of and will probably be the last thing I ever do…..as far as in medicine.\n\n    \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: If you could identify one piece of technology…..you know, you don’t have to say just one….that changed medicine, or your life, more than anything else, what would you say it has been in your life?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Well, you know, it’s a toss-up between the electronic health record and social media, I guess.  I don’t know if you can say one is more powerful than the other on the change of things.  I worry about the electronic health record and the ability to educate doctors on training their brains.\n\n \n\nDr. Sam Taggart: What about physical diagnosis and physicians?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah, yeah; oh it’s….yeah, it’s not nearly taught as much and it’s not giving as much importance as all the other things.  The thing is, you cannot; its different parts of the brain that do data entry on that electronic health record than do problem solving and this is, I think, a neurological problem for physicians….because critical thinking is not something that is really; that’s my wheelhouse trying to teach critical thinking to these residents because you have to have something up here that is working; you can’t depend on that record and the data.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: In 1918 when the Spanish moved in, there were 1.7 billion people in the world and now its right at 8 billion people in the world when COVID hit.  Is that sustainable?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: That many people on the planet, absolutely not; no….\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: If you were king, what would you do different?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Birth control…. (Laughing)…\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Back to Clever Drone in the ‘60s……yeah, birth control…..\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah….birth control…\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Talk a little bit, if you don’t mind, about your children and your grandchildren.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Well, I’m proud of them; they’re both fantastic, ethically sound, beautiful people.  I have a boy and a girl; so, one of each and I have two granddaughters, one of them is finishing college this year and the other one will finish high school next year.  It’s always good to get them through school, you know.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: What do your children do for a living?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Well, I have a daughter who is a dancer and a son who, I’m not quite sure what to call it, but transportation, coordination, broker, or something…anyway, he; people call him up and say, “I’ve got a load that needs to go somewhere and he.…neither one of them went into medicine; but in our families, it’s not usually our children that go into medicine…it’s our nieces and nephews.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Nieces and nephews; you’re down to four now right?  You’re down to four as opposed to eight…. \n\n   \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: No, no; we’ve got….let’s see; let me count the doctors….one, two, three…one finishing up…five, six…we’ve got six; one is just finishing up.\n\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: 50 years from now, you’re going to be a picture on the wall; that’s just the nature of where we’re all going…..what do you want those great, great, great, grandchildren to know about you? \n\n  \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Uh, they just need to know that, you know, I love nature, I’m a hard worker, and I just took every day one day at a time; just take it one day at a time.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: What do you want for them?\n\n \n\nDr. Linda McGhee: I want them to be able to be resilient and be able to handle things; just handle life and not let it get you down; yeah…that’s what I want.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: That’s all the questions I have; do you have anything else that you would like to throw in?\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: No, I can’t think of any good stories that are clean enough to put in here.\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: We can always edit it out….I do that pretty regularly; I edit out stories.  Mark Atwood; I interviewed Mark Atwood a year or two ago and he went on and told me this long story about everything that happened at such and such situation and he called me about a week later and said, “You’ve got to get rid of that.\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: Yeah…yeah; don’t do that…\n\nDr. Sam Taggart: Well, thank you very much.  I appreciate it and it was great fun...\n\nDr. Linda McGhee: I will say that health disparities are the things that has been driving me all these years; to try to do something about health disparities…it’s a passion of mine and I try to instill that in my residents….you don’t burn out when you have something…..","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://centerforthehistoryoffamilymedicine.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2312/collection_resources/99082/file/196774#t=0.0,5106.76833"}]}]}]}